Linguistic conventions
5Ws and 1H of journalism:
Who is the story about? This may be covered in more or less detail dependent on how important each person is to the story and how much the journalist can safely assume the reader already knows about each person.
What has happened? Key details about the event. The level of detail here depends on the significance of the event, the level of the background/context needed to understand the event as well as how much the journalist can safely assume the reader already knows about each person.
Where did the event take place? Could be as detailed as a street or vague as a country or even planet - largely decided on how familiar the journalist can safely assume the reader is with an area.
When did the story happen? Breaking news needs to be broadcasted immediately to notify people, whereas general news can be released at any given time with no pressure that people need to know.
Why is the story significant? In what ways is the story significant to the reader- why is what happened important enough to be reported on.
How did the event happen? This is largely established through the journalists written skill. The ability to describe events, use mode of address and adjectives to create a viewpoint, opinion or feeling for the reader about the event - remember political bias and gatekeeping.
Restricted vs Elaborated codes: developed by sociologist David Bernstein in 1971.
Elaborated code: Is the language used by well educated people. The vocabulary us extensive, detailed and articulate, its the language used by school teachers, in text books and in formal occasions.
Restricted code: Is the language used in informal settings - slang, grammatically incorrect with basic vocabulary. It tends to be very basic language which is used by both working and middle- classes. The difference is the working class use it all the time, whereas the middle-classes know when to resort to the elaborated code.
Who is the story about? This may be covered in more or less detail dependent on how important each person is to the story and how much the journalist can safely assume the reader already knows about each person.
What has happened? Key details about the event. The level of detail here depends on the significance of the event, the level of the background/context needed to understand the event as well as how much the journalist can safely assume the reader already knows about each person.
Where did the event take place? Could be as detailed as a street or vague as a country or even planet - largely decided on how familiar the journalist can safely assume the reader is with an area.
When did the story happen? Breaking news needs to be broadcasted immediately to notify people, whereas general news can be released at any given time with no pressure that people need to know.
Why is the story significant? In what ways is the story significant to the reader- why is what happened important enough to be reported on.
How did the event happen? This is largely established through the journalists written skill. The ability to describe events, use mode of address and adjectives to create a viewpoint, opinion or feeling for the reader about the event - remember political bias and gatekeeping.
Restricted vs Elaborated codes: developed by sociologist David Bernstein in 1971.
Elaborated code: Is the language used by well educated people. The vocabulary us extensive, detailed and articulate, its the language used by school teachers, in text books and in formal occasions.
Restricted code: Is the language used in informal settings - slang, grammatically incorrect with basic vocabulary. It tends to be very basic language which is used by both working and middle- classes. The difference is the working class use it all the time, whereas the middle-classes know when to resort to the elaborated code.
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| Restricted code example The Sun |
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| Elaborated code example The Guardian |
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